什么是长难句？
长难句通常具备以下特征：
- 句子长度超过 30 词
- 包含多个从句
- 使用复杂语法结构
- 插入语较多
分析方法
第一步：找主干
无论句子多长，先找：
- 主语：谁在做
- 谓语：做了什么
- 宾语：对谁做
例如：
The researchers who have been studying the effects of climate change on coastal communities published their findings in the journal Nature.
主干：
The researchers published their findings.
第二步：识别从句
常见从句类型：
- 定语从句：修饰名词
- 状语从句：表示条件、时间、原因
- 名词性从句：作主语、宾语
标志词：
- that, which, who, whom
- because, although, when, if
- what, how, whether
第三步：忽略插入语
插入语通常用逗号隔开，可以先跳过：
The study, which was conducted by Harvard researchers and published last month, shows…
先看：
The study shows…
实战练习
练习 1
Despite the fact that many students find grammar difficult, it remains an essential part of language learning that cannot be ignored.
主干：
Grammar remains an essential part.
练习 2
The company, which was founded in 2010 and has grown rapidly since then, announced yesterday that it would be laying off 10% of its workforce.
主干：
The company announced that it would be laying off workers.
提高阅读速度的技巧
- 不要逐词阅读：学会意群阅读
- 减少回读：相信第一遍的理解
- 扩大视幅：一次看更多词
- 保持节奏：不要在一个词上停留太久
每日练习建议
- 每天精读 1 篇长难句文章
- 标记主干和从句
- 大声朗读，培养语感
- 总结常见句型结构